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  1. Ceramic Capacitors:

    • These are commonly used capacitors.

    • The dielectric material in ceramic capacitors is, well, ceramic!

    • They are non-polar devices, meaning they can be used in any direction in a circuit.

    • Ceramic capacitors find applications in various electronic devices.

  2. Film Capacitors:

    • Film capacitors use a thin film of dielectric material.

    • They are available in different types, such as polyester (Mylar), polypropylene, and polycarbonate.

    • Film capacitors are non-polarized and can be used in both AC and DC circuits.

    • They are suitable for applications requiring high stability and low losses.

  3. Power Film Capacitors:

    • These capacitors are designed for high-power applications.

    • They have excellent self-healing properties and can handle high voltages.

    • Power film capacitors are commonly used in power electronics and motor drives

  4. Electrolytic Capacitors:

    • Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and often referred to as “electrolytics.”

    • They achieve high capacitance density.

    • Aluminum electrolytic capacitors and tantalum capacitors are common examples.

    • They are widely used in power supply circuits and audio systems.

  5. Paper Capacitors:

    • Paper capacitors use paper as the dielectric material.

    • They were more common in older electronic equipment.

    • Nowadays, other types have largely replaced them due to better performance.

  6. Mica Capacitors:

    • Mica capacitors use mica sheets as the dielectric.

    • They are stable, reliable, and can handle high temperatures.

    • Mica capacitors find applications in radio frequency (RF) circuits.

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Capacitors are an essential component in electrical circuits, used to store electric charge and release it when needed. Unlike batteries, which store energy in chemical form, capacitors store energy as an electric field. This allows them to release energy almost instantaneously, making them ideal for applications that require quick bursts of power. With their unique properties, capacitors are an indispensable tool for any electrical engineer or hobbyist.

table of capacitor specs
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Capacitor formulas

Capacitance

C=V/Q​

Where C (capacitance). is solved for by dividing V (voltage) by the charge(Q)

Also worthy of note . take notice that formulas for calculating capacitance . do not use the same lettering convention  as solving for voltage or resistance ....WHY ?? somebody lost a bet  probably.

and the rest of the story.....

Q=C*V

C=V/Q​

1*F=1*V/1*C​

Where an SI unit of capacitance (F), The "Farad"is solved for '

Solve for "U" (total potential energy)

U=2*C

    /Q*2= .50*Q*V=.50*C*V*2​

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